a good post that will interest you too much if you want to leave the closet of a good time jajajaja
LGBT or GLBT are the acronyms that collectively designate lesbians, gays, bisexuals, and transgender people. In use since the 90s, the term 'LGBT' is an extension of the acronyms 'LGB', which in turn replaced the expression 'gay community' that many homosexuals, bisexuals, and transsexuals felt did not represent them adequately.1 Its modern use aims to emphasize the diversity of cultures based on sexuality and gender identity, and can be applied to refer to someone who is not heterosexual, rather than applying it exclusively to people who define themselves as homosexual, bisexual, or transgender.1 2 To account for this inclusion, a popular variant includes the letter Q from queer (e.g., LGBTQ) for those who are not specifically represented by LGBT, such as pansexuals, intersexes, etc.
The acronyms have been established as a form of self-identification and have been adopted by most LGBT communities and media in many English-speaking countries.3 4 However, they are not to everyone's taste who is literally included.5 On the one hand, some intersex individuals want to be included in the LGBT group and would prefer the term 'LGBTI'.6 On the other hand, certain individuals within a group may feel that they have no relationship with individuals from other groups included and find persistent comparisons offensive.7 Some defend that transgender and transsexual causes are not the same as those of homosexuals and bisexuals.8 This is expressed in the current of 'gay and lesbian separatism', which maintains that lesbians and gays should form a distinct community and separate themselves from other groups that are normally included.7 9 Others do not have a good opinion of the term because they believe the letters are too politically correct, a attempt to categorize various groups of people in a gray area, which implies that the concerns and priorities of the main represented groups receive equal consideration.8 10
History
Before the sexual revolution of the 60s, there was no common term that wasn't derogatory for non-heterosexuals. The closest thing was third gender from sexology in the 1860 decade and Hindu culture, but it never gained widespread use.11 12 13 14 15 16
The first widely used term, homosexual, acquired negative connotations in Anglo-Saxon culture, so it tended to be replaced by homophile in the 50s and 60s,17 and later by gay in the 70s.11 When lesbians began building their own identity, the term gays and lesbians became widespread.1 Although this grouping was not pleasing to all of the lesbian community. The organization Daughters of Bilitis split off in 1970 due to internal tensions caused by the direction they should focus on: feminism or gay rights.18 Feminist lesbians prioritized gender equality, perceiving differences between men's and women's roles as patriarchal; they avoided dominant gender roles in lesbian bars and distanced themselves from male homosexuals, whom they perceived as chauvinistic; many of them refused to work with gay men or fight for their causes.19 On the other hand, lesbians who had an essentialist view, who believed they were born homosexual and used the term lesbian until then descriptive to define those of their sexual orientation, generally considered separatist opinions and feminist lesbian views detrimental to the cause of gay rights.20 Soon, bisexuals and transgender people joined in asking to be recognized as integral parts of the great community.1 As the initial euphoria of the Stonewall riots dissipated between the late 1970s and early 1980s, there was a change in perception, with some gay men and lesbians becoming less tolerant of bisexual or transgender people.21 22 Many believed that transsexuals acted according to gender stereotypes and that bisexuals were just homosexuals who were afraid to come out of the closet and be sincere about their identity.21 The four groups that make up the LGBT term had difficulties developing their own identity and relationships with other collective group members, sometimes excluding them. These difficulties remain current today.22 The LGBT term was probably first used to refer to the entire community by LGBT activist students in the 60s, although it is unclear how frequently or widely it was used then.22 It wasn't until the 90s that groups and individuals within the LGBT movement began to be treated with equal respect and dignity.22 Despite certain controversies within the LGBT community over the acceptance of different member groups (transgender people, in particular, have been marginalized by the majority of the LGBT community at times), the LGBT term has been a positive symbol of inclusion.2 22 Although the letters LGBT do not include the initials of smaller communities, it is generally accepted that the term includes those who are not identified by the four letters.2 22 In general, the use of the LGBT term has helped over time to integrate individuals who would otherwise have been marginalized in the global community.2 22 change of order of letters: LGBT or GLBT, which are the most common and frequently observed terms in current use. 22 Although they have identical meaning, 'LGBT' may have a more feminist connotation than 'GLBT', as it places the L for lesbian first. 22 When not including transgender people, it is sometimes shortened to LGB. 22 LGBT or GLBT may also include an additional 'Q' for queer or those questioning their sexual or gender identity (questioning in English, often represented with a question mark; for example, 'LGBTQ', 'LGBTQQ' or 'GLBTQ?'). 7 24 25 Other variants can add an 'I' for intersexual, another 'T' to distinguish transgender and transvestite individuals, an 'A' for heterosexual allies or in other cases for asexuals. 26 27 28 29 30 31 Some also add a 'P' for pansexuals or polyamorists and an 'O' for omniphiles or 'others'. 22 The order of letters is not standard, besides the variations in the positions of the L and G letters at the beginning, the additional less used letters mentioned can appear in almost any order. 22 The variants do not generally represent political differences within the community, but rather arise simply from individual preferences and group choices. 33 Some people understand that the terms transgender and intersex fall under the global term 'transgender', although many transgender and intersexual individuals reject it (both for different reasons). 22CriticismsThe term LGBT or GLBT does not generate consensus among all. For example, some argue that the causes of transgender and transsexual individuals are not the same as those of homosexuals and bisexuals. This argument centers on the idea that transgender people and transsexuality have to do with gender identity or feeling like a man or woman, not with sexual orientation. In contrast, LGB issues are perceived as a matter of sexual orientation or attraction, not of identity. These distinctions have been made within the context of political action, where the goals of LGB may be perceived as different from those of transgender and intersex individuals (for example, legislation on same-sex marriage among others). Similarly, some intersex individuals want to be included in LGBT groups and prefer the term 'LGBTI' while others insist they are not part of the LGBT community and would like not to be included in the term. The opposite situation occurs with the 'gay and lesbian separatism' movement (which should not be confused with lesbian separatism), which argues that lesbians and gay men form (or should form) a distinct and separate community from other groups usually included in the LGBTQ sphere. Although they do not have enough numbers or organization to be called a movement, separatists are an active, vocal, and significant element in many parts of the LGBT community. In some cases, separatists deny the existence or right to equality of non-monosexual orientations and transsexuality. This can extend to public homophobia and transphobia. Separatists have powerful opponents: according to Peter Tatchell of the human rights group OutRage!, separating the transgender movement from LGB would be a 'political madness'. Many people have tried to find a genetic term to replace the numerous existing abbreviations.36 To do so, words like 'queer' and 'rainbow' have been tried, but they haven't been adopted generally.36 38 'Queer' has many negative connotations for older people, who remember the word as an insult and a provocation, apart from the fact that the term's negative use continues.36 38 On the other hand, many young people understand that the word 'queer' has more political charge than 'LGBT'.10 38 As for 'rainbow', it has connotations that remind one of hippies, New Age movements, and organizations like Jesse Jackson's Rainbow/PUSH Coalition in the United States. The term hasn't been adopted by everyone, as some understand it to be too politically correct or an attempt to categorize distinct groups of people into a word that implies a gray area.8 10 Another concern is that the LGBT term might imply that the concerns and priorities of the main represented groups receive equal consideration.8 The representation of a 'LGBT community' or a 'LGB community' that encompasses everything isn't appreciated by certain gay, lesbian, and transgender people, nor by ontologists.7 39 40 Some don't subscribe to or approve the campaign for human rights and social solidarity, and the visibility that usually comes with it, including pride marches and events.39 40 They believe grouping by non-heterosexual orientations perpetuates the myth that being gay/lesbian/bi makes a person deficiently different from others.7 39 These people are frequently less visible compared to well-known LGBT activists.39 40 As it's complicated to distinguish this faction from the majority of heterosexual people, it's very common for people to assume that all those grouped in the LGBT collective support LGBT liberation and visibility in society, including the right to live a life one wants in a different way from most. I create this to raise awareness in many people since they treat us like rare animals.......or will they be the rare ones who don't want to learn new aspects of life that are being lived in the new century
References
1. a b c d Swain, Keith W. (June 21, 2007). ‘Gay Pride Needs New Direction’. Denver Post. Retrieved July 5, 2008.
2. a b c d Shankle, Michael D. (2006, ISBN 1-56023-496-2). ‘The Handbook of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Public Health: A Practitioner’s Guide To Service’. Haworth Press. Retrieved July 5, 2008.
3. The 2008 Community Center Survey Report: Assessing the Capacity and Programs of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Community Centers August 29, 2008, Terry Stone, CenterLink (formerly The National Association of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender Community Centers).Report link
4. National Lesbian & Gay Journalists Association: Stylebook Supplement on LGBT Terminology, NLGJA 2008. Stylebook Supplement
5. a b Finnegan, Dana G. (2002, ISBN 1-56023-925-5, 9781560239253). ‘Counseling Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Substance Abusers: Dual Identities’. Haworth Press. Retrieved July 5, 2008.
6. a b Aragon, Angela Pattatuchi (2006, ISBN 1-56023-645-0). ‘Challenging Lesbian Norms: Intersex, Transgender, Intersectional, and Queer Perspectives’. Haworth Press. Retrieved July 5, 2008.
7. a b c d e f Bloodsworth-Lugo, Mary K. (2007, ISBN 0-7914-7221-3). ‘In-Between Bodies: Sexual Difference, Race, and Sexuality’. SUNY Press. Retrieved July 5, 2008.
8. a b c d e Wilcox, Melissa M. (2003, ISBN 0-253-21619-2). ‘Coming Out in Christianity: Religion, Identity, and Community’. Indiana University Press. Retrieved July 5, 2008.
9. a b c d Mohr, Richard D. (1988, ISBN 0-231-06735-6). ‘Gays/Justice: A Study of Ethics, Society, and Law’. Columbia University Press. Retrieved July 5, 2008.
10. a b c Halpin, Mikki (2004, ISBN 0-689-87448-0). ‘It’s Your World--If You Don’t Like It, Change It: Activism for Teenagers’. Simon and Schuster.
11. a b Ross, E. Wayne (2006, ISBN 0-7914-6909-3). The Social Studies Curriculum: Purposes, Problems, and Possibilities. SUNY Press. Consultado el 5-7-2008.
12. Kennedy, Hubert C. (1980) The third sex theory of Karl Heinrich Ulrichs, Journal of Homosexuality. 1980–1981 Fall-Winter; 6(1–2): pp. 103–1
13. Hirschfeld, Magnus, 1904. Berlins Drittes Geschlecht (Berlin's Third Sex)
14. Ellis, Havelock and Symonds, J. A., 1897. Sexual Inversion.
15. Carpenter, Edward, 1908. The Intermediate Sex: A Study of Some Transitional Types of Men and Women.
16. Duc, Aimée, 1901. Sind es Frauen? Roman über das dritte Geschlecht (Are These Women? Novel about the Third Sex)
17. Minton, Henry (2002). Departing from Deviance. University of Chicago Press. Consultado el 1-1-2009.
18. Esterberg, Kristen (September, 1994). From Accommodation to Liberation: A Social Movement Analysis of Lesbians in the Homophile Movement. Gender and Society, 8, (3) p. 424–443.
19. Faderman, Lillian (1991). Odd Girls and Twilight Lovers: A History of Lesbian Life in Twentieth Century America, Penguin Books. ISBN 0-14-017122-3, p. 210–211.
20. Faderman (1991), p. 217–218.
21. a b Leli, Ubaldo; Jack Drescher (2005, ISBN 0-7890-2576-0). Transgender Subjectivities: A Clinician's Guide. Haworth Press. Consultado el 5-7-2008.
22. a b c d e f g h i j k l m n ñ Alexander, Jonathan; Karen Yescavage (2004, ISBN 1-56023-287-0). Bisexuality and Transgenderism: InterSEXions of The Others. Haworth Press. Consultado el 5-7-2008.
23. Bohan, Janis S. (1996, ISBN 0-415-91514-7). Psychology and Sexual Orientation: Coming to Terms. Routledge. Consultado el 5-7-2008.
24. Alder, Christine; Anne Worrall (2004, ISBN 0-7914-6110-6). Girls' Violence: Myths and Realities. SUNY Press. Consultado el 5-7-2008.
25. Cherland, Meredith Rogers; Helen J. Harper (2007, ISBN 0-8058-5056-2). Advocacy Research in Literacy Education: Seeking Higher Ground. Routledge. Consulted on July 5, 2008. 26. Lebaron, Sarah; Jessica Pecsenye, Becerra Roland, Jon Skindzier (2005, ISBN 1-59658-092-5). 'Oberlin College: Oberlin, Ohio'. College Prowler, Inc. Consulted on July 5, 2008. 27. Chen, Edith Wen-Chu; Glenn Omatsu (2006, ISBN 0-7425-5338-8). 'Teaching about Asian Pacific Americans: Effective Activities, Strategies, and Assignments for Classrooms and Communities (Critical Perspectives on Asian Pacific Americans)'. Rowman & Littlefield. Consulted on July 5, 2008. 28. Babb, Florence E. (2001, ISBN 0-292-70900-5). 'After Revolution: Mapping Gender and Cultural Politics in Neoliberal Nicaragua'. University of Texas Press. Consulted on July 5, 2008. 29. Padilla, Yolanda C. (2003, ISBN 1-56023-275-7). 'Gay and Lesbian Rights Organizing: Community-based Strategies'. Haworth Press. Consulted on July 5, 2008. 30. Swigonski, Mary E.; Robin S. Mama, Kelly Ward, Matthew Shepard (2001, ISBN 1-56023-257-9). 'From Hate Crimes to Human Rights: A Tribute to Matthew Shepard'. Haworth Press. Consulted on July 5, 2008. 31. 'About Us'. Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual, Transsexual, Transgender, Two-Spirit Queer Community Centre Inc. (2006). Consulted on July 5, 2008. 32. O'Rourke, P. J. (2001, ISBN 0-8021-4198-6). 'Peace Kills: America's Fun New Imperialism'. Grove Press. Consulted on July 5, 2008. 33. Brown, Catrina; Tod Augusta-Scott (2006, ISBN 1-4129-0988-0). 'Narrative Therapy: Making Meaning, Making Lives'. Sage Publications Inc. Consulted on July 5, 2008. 34. Makadon, Harvey J.; Kenneth H. Mayer, Jennifer Potter, Hilary Goldhammer (2008, ISBN 1-930513-95-X). 'The Fenway Guide to Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Health'. ACP Press. Consulted on July 5, 2008. 35. Blasius, Mark (1994, ISBN 1-56639-173-3). 'Gay and Lesbian Politics: Sexuality and the Emergence of a New Ethic'. Temple University Press. Consulted on July 5, 2008. 36. a b c d e f Blasius, Mark (2001, ISBN 0-691-05867-9). 'Sexual Identities, Queer Politics: Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender Politics'. Princeton University Press. Retrieved July 5, 2008.
37. Abrehart, David. Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual - but Why Transgender?, Mothership Gay Dating. Retrieved June 24, 2009.
38. a b c Armstrong, Elizabeth A. (2002, ISBN 0-226-02694-9). Forging Gay Identities: Organizing Sexuality in San Francisco, 1950–1994. University of Chicago Press. Retrieved July 5, 2008.
39. a b c d e Sycamore, Matt Bernstein (2005, ISBN 1-932360-56-5). That's Revolting!: Queer Strategies for Resisting Assimilation. softcore Skull Press. Retrieved July 5, 2008.
40. a b c d Carlsson, Chris (2005, ISBN 1-931404-05-4). The Political Edge. City Lights Books. Retrieved July 5, 2008.
41. Leondar-Wright, Betsy (2005, ISBN 0-86571-523-8). Class Matters: Cross-Class Alliance Building for Middle-Class Activists. New Society Publishers. Retrieved July 5, 2008.
History
Before the sexual revolution of the 60s, there was no common term that wasn't derogatory for non-heterosexuals. The closest thing was third gender from sexology in the 1860 decade and Hindu culture, but it never gained widespread use.11 12 13 14 15 16
The first widely used term, homosexual, acquired negative connotations in Anglo-Saxon culture, so it tended to be replaced by homophile in the 50s and 60s,17 and later by gay in the 70s.11 When lesbians began building their own identity, the term gays and lesbians became widespread.1 Although this grouping was not pleasing to all of the lesbian community. The organization Daughters of Bilitis split off in 1970 due to internal tensions caused by the direction they should focus on: feminism or gay rights.18 Feminist lesbians prioritized gender equality, perceiving differences between men's and women's roles as patriarchal; they avoided dominant gender roles in lesbian bars and distanced themselves from male homosexuals, whom they perceived as chauvinistic; many of them refused to work with gay men or fight for their causes.19 On the other hand, lesbians who had an essentialist view, who believed they were born homosexual and used the term lesbian until then descriptive to define those of their sexual orientation, generally considered separatist opinions and feminist lesbian views detrimental to the cause of gay rights.20 Soon, bisexuals and transgender people joined in asking to be recognized as integral parts of the great community.1 As the initial euphoria of the Stonewall riots dissipated between the late 1970s and early 1980s, there was a change in perception, with some gay men and lesbians becoming less tolerant of bisexual or transgender people.21 22 Many believed that transsexuals acted according to gender stereotypes and that bisexuals were just homosexuals who were afraid to come out of the closet and be sincere about their identity.21 The four groups that make up the LGBT term had difficulties developing their own identity and relationships with other collective group members, sometimes excluding them. These difficulties remain current today.22 The LGBT term was probably first used to refer to the entire community by LGBT activist students in the 60s, although it is unclear how frequently or widely it was used then.22 It wasn't until the 90s that groups and individuals within the LGBT movement began to be treated with equal respect and dignity.22 Despite certain controversies within the LGBT community over the acceptance of different member groups (transgender people, in particular, have been marginalized by the majority of the LGBT community at times), the LGBT term has been a positive symbol of inclusion.2 22 Although the letters LGBT do not include the initials of smaller communities, it is generally accepted that the term includes those who are not identified by the four letters.2 22 In general, the use of the LGBT term has helped over time to integrate individuals who would otherwise have been marginalized in the global community.2 22 change of order of letters: LGBT or GLBT, which are the most common and frequently observed terms in current use. 22 Although they have identical meaning, 'LGBT' may have a more feminist connotation than 'GLBT', as it places the L for lesbian first. 22 When not including transgender people, it is sometimes shortened to LGB. 22 LGBT or GLBT may also include an additional 'Q' for queer or those questioning their sexual or gender identity (questioning in English, often represented with a question mark; for example, 'LGBTQ', 'LGBTQQ' or 'GLBTQ?'). 7 24 25 Other variants can add an 'I' for intersexual, another 'T' to distinguish transgender and transvestite individuals, an 'A' for heterosexual allies or in other cases for asexuals. 26 27 28 29 30 31 Some also add a 'P' for pansexuals or polyamorists and an 'O' for omniphiles or 'others'. 22 The order of letters is not standard, besides the variations in the positions of the L and G letters at the beginning, the additional less used letters mentioned can appear in almost any order. 22 The variants do not generally represent political differences within the community, but rather arise simply from individual preferences and group choices. 33 Some people understand that the terms transgender and intersex fall under the global term 'transgender', although many transgender and intersexual individuals reject it (both for different reasons). 22CriticismsThe term LGBT or GLBT does not generate consensus among all. For example, some argue that the causes of transgender and transsexual individuals are not the same as those of homosexuals and bisexuals. This argument centers on the idea that transgender people and transsexuality have to do with gender identity or feeling like a man or woman, not with sexual orientation. In contrast, LGB issues are perceived as a matter of sexual orientation or attraction, not of identity. These distinctions have been made within the context of political action, where the goals of LGB may be perceived as different from those of transgender and intersex individuals (for example, legislation on same-sex marriage among others). Similarly, some intersex individuals want to be included in LGBT groups and prefer the term 'LGBTI' while others insist they are not part of the LGBT community and would like not to be included in the term. The opposite situation occurs with the 'gay and lesbian separatism' movement (which should not be confused with lesbian separatism), which argues that lesbians and gay men form (or should form) a distinct and separate community from other groups usually included in the LGBTQ sphere. Although they do not have enough numbers or organization to be called a movement, separatists are an active, vocal, and significant element in many parts of the LGBT community. In some cases, separatists deny the existence or right to equality of non-monosexual orientations and transsexuality. This can extend to public homophobia and transphobia. Separatists have powerful opponents: according to Peter Tatchell of the human rights group OutRage!, separating the transgender movement from LGB would be a 'political madness'. Many people have tried to find a genetic term to replace the numerous existing abbreviations.36 To do so, words like 'queer' and 'rainbow' have been tried, but they haven't been adopted generally.36 38 'Queer' has many negative connotations for older people, who remember the word as an insult and a provocation, apart from the fact that the term's negative use continues.36 38 On the other hand, many young people understand that the word 'queer' has more political charge than 'LGBT'.10 38 As for 'rainbow', it has connotations that remind one of hippies, New Age movements, and organizations like Jesse Jackson's Rainbow/PUSH Coalition in the United States. The term hasn't been adopted by everyone, as some understand it to be too politically correct or an attempt to categorize distinct groups of people into a word that implies a gray area.8 10 Another concern is that the LGBT term might imply that the concerns and priorities of the main represented groups receive equal consideration.8 The representation of a 'LGBT community' or a 'LGB community' that encompasses everything isn't appreciated by certain gay, lesbian, and transgender people, nor by ontologists.7 39 40 Some don't subscribe to or approve the campaign for human rights and social solidarity, and the visibility that usually comes with it, including pride marches and events.39 40 They believe grouping by non-heterosexual orientations perpetuates the myth that being gay/lesbian/bi makes a person deficiently different from others.7 39 These people are frequently less visible compared to well-known LGBT activists.39 40 As it's complicated to distinguish this faction from the majority of heterosexual people, it's very common for people to assume that all those grouped in the LGBT collective support LGBT liberation and visibility in society, including the right to live a life one wants in a different way from most. I create this to raise awareness in many people since they treat us like rare animals.......or will they be the rare ones who don't want to learn new aspects of life that are being lived in the new century
References
1. a b c d Swain, Keith W. (June 21, 2007). ‘Gay Pride Needs New Direction’. Denver Post. Retrieved July 5, 2008.
2. a b c d Shankle, Michael D. (2006, ISBN 1-56023-496-2). ‘The Handbook of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Public Health: A Practitioner’s Guide To Service’. Haworth Press. Retrieved July 5, 2008.
3. The 2008 Community Center Survey Report: Assessing the Capacity and Programs of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Community Centers August 29, 2008, Terry Stone, CenterLink (formerly The National Association of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender Community Centers).Report link
4. National Lesbian & Gay Journalists Association: Stylebook Supplement on LGBT Terminology, NLGJA 2008. Stylebook Supplement
5. a b Finnegan, Dana G. (2002, ISBN 1-56023-925-5, 9781560239253). ‘Counseling Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Substance Abusers: Dual Identities’. Haworth Press. Retrieved July 5, 2008.
6. a b Aragon, Angela Pattatuchi (2006, ISBN 1-56023-645-0). ‘Challenging Lesbian Norms: Intersex, Transgender, Intersectional, and Queer Perspectives’. Haworth Press. Retrieved July 5, 2008.
7. a b c d e f Bloodsworth-Lugo, Mary K. (2007, ISBN 0-7914-7221-3). ‘In-Between Bodies: Sexual Difference, Race, and Sexuality’. SUNY Press. Retrieved July 5, 2008.
8. a b c d e Wilcox, Melissa M. (2003, ISBN 0-253-21619-2). ‘Coming Out in Christianity: Religion, Identity, and Community’. Indiana University Press. Retrieved July 5, 2008.
9. a b c d Mohr, Richard D. (1988, ISBN 0-231-06735-6). ‘Gays/Justice: A Study of Ethics, Society, and Law’. Columbia University Press. Retrieved July 5, 2008.
10. a b c Halpin, Mikki (2004, ISBN 0-689-87448-0). ‘It’s Your World--If You Don’t Like It, Change It: Activism for Teenagers’. Simon and Schuster.
11. a b Ross, E. Wayne (2006, ISBN 0-7914-6909-3). The Social Studies Curriculum: Purposes, Problems, and Possibilities. SUNY Press. Consultado el 5-7-2008.
12. Kennedy, Hubert C. (1980) The third sex theory of Karl Heinrich Ulrichs, Journal of Homosexuality. 1980–1981 Fall-Winter; 6(1–2): pp. 103–1
13. Hirschfeld, Magnus, 1904. Berlins Drittes Geschlecht (Berlin's Third Sex)
14. Ellis, Havelock and Symonds, J. A., 1897. Sexual Inversion.
15. Carpenter, Edward, 1908. The Intermediate Sex: A Study of Some Transitional Types of Men and Women.
16. Duc, Aimée, 1901. Sind es Frauen? Roman über das dritte Geschlecht (Are These Women? Novel about the Third Sex)
17. Minton, Henry (2002). Departing from Deviance. University of Chicago Press. Consultado el 1-1-2009.
18. Esterberg, Kristen (September, 1994). From Accommodation to Liberation: A Social Movement Analysis of Lesbians in the Homophile Movement. Gender and Society, 8, (3) p. 424–443.
19. Faderman, Lillian (1991). Odd Girls and Twilight Lovers: A History of Lesbian Life in Twentieth Century America, Penguin Books. ISBN 0-14-017122-3, p. 210–211.
20. Faderman (1991), p. 217–218.
21. a b Leli, Ubaldo; Jack Drescher (2005, ISBN 0-7890-2576-0). Transgender Subjectivities: A Clinician's Guide. Haworth Press. Consultado el 5-7-2008.
22. a b c d e f g h i j k l m n ñ Alexander, Jonathan; Karen Yescavage (2004, ISBN 1-56023-287-0). Bisexuality and Transgenderism: InterSEXions of The Others. Haworth Press. Consultado el 5-7-2008.
23. Bohan, Janis S. (1996, ISBN 0-415-91514-7). Psychology and Sexual Orientation: Coming to Terms. Routledge. Consultado el 5-7-2008.
24. Alder, Christine; Anne Worrall (2004, ISBN 0-7914-6110-6). Girls' Violence: Myths and Realities. SUNY Press. Consultado el 5-7-2008.
25. Cherland, Meredith Rogers; Helen J. Harper (2007, ISBN 0-8058-5056-2). Advocacy Research in Literacy Education: Seeking Higher Ground. Routledge. Consulted on July 5, 2008. 26. Lebaron, Sarah; Jessica Pecsenye, Becerra Roland, Jon Skindzier (2005, ISBN 1-59658-092-5). 'Oberlin College: Oberlin, Ohio'. College Prowler, Inc. Consulted on July 5, 2008. 27. Chen, Edith Wen-Chu; Glenn Omatsu (2006, ISBN 0-7425-5338-8). 'Teaching about Asian Pacific Americans: Effective Activities, Strategies, and Assignments for Classrooms and Communities (Critical Perspectives on Asian Pacific Americans)'. Rowman & Littlefield. Consulted on July 5, 2008. 28. Babb, Florence E. (2001, ISBN 0-292-70900-5). 'After Revolution: Mapping Gender and Cultural Politics in Neoliberal Nicaragua'. University of Texas Press. Consulted on July 5, 2008. 29. Padilla, Yolanda C. (2003, ISBN 1-56023-275-7). 'Gay and Lesbian Rights Organizing: Community-based Strategies'. Haworth Press. Consulted on July 5, 2008. 30. Swigonski, Mary E.; Robin S. Mama, Kelly Ward, Matthew Shepard (2001, ISBN 1-56023-257-9). 'From Hate Crimes to Human Rights: A Tribute to Matthew Shepard'. Haworth Press. Consulted on July 5, 2008. 31. 'About Us'. Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual, Transsexual, Transgender, Two-Spirit Queer Community Centre Inc. (2006). Consulted on July 5, 2008. 32. O'Rourke, P. J. (2001, ISBN 0-8021-4198-6). 'Peace Kills: America's Fun New Imperialism'. Grove Press. Consulted on July 5, 2008. 33. Brown, Catrina; Tod Augusta-Scott (2006, ISBN 1-4129-0988-0). 'Narrative Therapy: Making Meaning, Making Lives'. Sage Publications Inc. Consulted on July 5, 2008. 34. Makadon, Harvey J.; Kenneth H. Mayer, Jennifer Potter, Hilary Goldhammer (2008, ISBN 1-930513-95-X). 'The Fenway Guide to Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Health'. ACP Press. Consulted on July 5, 2008. 35. Blasius, Mark (1994, ISBN 1-56639-173-3). 'Gay and Lesbian Politics: Sexuality and the Emergence of a New Ethic'. Temple University Press. Consulted on July 5, 2008. 36. a b c d e f Blasius, Mark (2001, ISBN 0-691-05867-9). 'Sexual Identities, Queer Politics: Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender Politics'. Princeton University Press. Retrieved July 5, 2008.
37. Abrehart, David. Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual - but Why Transgender?, Mothership Gay Dating. Retrieved June 24, 2009.
38. a b c Armstrong, Elizabeth A. (2002, ISBN 0-226-02694-9). Forging Gay Identities: Organizing Sexuality in San Francisco, 1950–1994. University of Chicago Press. Retrieved July 5, 2008.
39. a b c d e Sycamore, Matt Bernstein (2005, ISBN 1-932360-56-5). That's Revolting!: Queer Strategies for Resisting Assimilation. softcore Skull Press. Retrieved July 5, 2008.
40. a b c d Carlsson, Chris (2005, ISBN 1-931404-05-4). The Political Edge. City Lights Books. Retrieved July 5, 2008.
41. Leondar-Wright, Betsy (2005, ISBN 0-86571-523-8). Class Matters: Cross-Class Alliance Building for Middle-Class Activists. New Society Publishers. Retrieved July 5, 2008.
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